Direct Speech

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  DIRECT SPEECH

In direct speech we use the speaker’s own word.

“In text we put speech marks around the words spoken”

“Speech marks are also called inverted commas”

 Punctuating Direct Speech 

  

When using direct speech in your writingyou need to use the correct punctuation.
¨The exact words spoken must be enclosed in speech marks.
The first word of the speech must begin with a capital letter.
The words in the speech marks must be separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma.
You must use a new line when a new speaker begins to speak.

 Direct Speech Grammar 

The grammar you should be looking out for in direct speech includes :


¨The imperative


¨Direct questions
¨The vocative case

 The Imperative

An imperative is that part of a verb used in direct speech when an order is being given. The following are imperatives in English -

¨‘hurry!’ ‘work!’ ‘stay!’

¨In Latin the imperative is formed from the infinitive. To form the singular imperative of porto you take the infinitive and then knock off the re. Hence -

A singular imperative is used when the order is being given to just one person. A plural infinitive is used when the order is being given to more than one person

¨The plural infinitive is formed in the same way as the singular with the exception that the letters ‘te’ are added to the singular form. Hence -

¨‘portate!’ – ‘carry!’ ‘terrete!’ – ‘terrify!’

¨‘regite!’ – ‘rule!’ ‘audite!’ – ‘listen!’

¨Note that the final e of the singular imperative of 3rd conjugation verbs (ie rege) changes to an i when the plural is formed – regite.

¨Note that an imperative may be the main verb in a clause / sentence. This is the only occasion when a finite verb will not have a person ending.

 Direct Questions

Direct questions can be recognised by the presence of a question mark -

?

Many direct questions are introduced by interrogative words –

‘what?’

‘why?’ ‘who?’

There are three questions which are not introduced by such an obvious question-like word.
1.A question that expects the answer yes or no –

‘do you like the food?’
2.A question that expects the answer yes

surely you like the food?’
3.A question that expects the answer no –

‘surely you do not like the food?’

 The Vocative Case

The vocative case is used when addressing someone.

‘O Henry, …’

Note that word in the vocative is never the subject of the verb.

The word in the vocative is normally isolated from the rest of the sentence by a comma. The letter O may or may not precede it.